Gender Roles in Jane Eyre free essay sample

To varying degrees, Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre addresses the expectations of gender roles presently common in Victorian novels during the nineteenth century. Even in modern day society, the view of man tends to be aggressive, dominative, and ambitious, while women are portrayed as emotional, subservient, and sometimes passive. Brontes depiction of the stereotypical male and female roles are accurate, but she also displays how ones gender can be altered. Jane, the novels protagonist, is a cookie-cutout of what was expected of women in Victorian times. She dresses simply, is submissive, and longs for a male counterpart. As the story progresses, Jane shys away from conformities, but her willfulness to remain abnormal is tested when she endures heart-wrenching situations. The novel opens, revealing the spirit and personality of Jane, as it experiences suppression when she questions why she is being punished. Mrs. Reed answers to Jane and tells her that it is unacceptable for a child to speak to an elder in that manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Roles in Jane Eyre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The verbal attacks continue when Mrs. Reeds son, John Reed, angrily tells Jane that she is dependent and undeserving of the food and clothes that are provided at the expense of his mother. John Reed, then physcially attacks her, and Jane is locked away in the red room. She goes on to make an apparent point as to the unfairness of how she is being treated. Unjust! unjust! said my reason, forced by the agonizing stimulus into precocious though transitory power; and Resolve, equally wrought up, instigated some strange expedient to achieve escape from insupportable oppression- as running away, or, if that could not be effected, never eating or drinking more, and letting myself die (Bronte 21 ). In this case, Janes gender is not the reason she is being punished, it is more her childish nature. As she grows older, the same treatment remains for Jane, making this a prominent portion of the novel. It also is the setting stone for how women are made inferior, and that they do not deserve any more respect than a child does. Being of lower class and minimal beauty, it is unlikely Jane would ever become part of a high social status. Jane does possess an admirable education which grants her a governess position at Thornfield. This stage in the book is an important developmental period for her character, because governesses acted as a divider for the lower and middle class. Jane takes on the role as a middle class women, educating Adele, while still living and earning a payment under her master. As a female, starting from merely nothing and earning an eductional position at Thornfield was unlikely to be achieved, but Jane defies this assumption. Upon meeting her master, Mr. Rochester, Jane is quick to fall for him. She longs to become his wife, even though she is aware that Rochester, being of high social standing, could not marry her because society would look down upon this. Jane experiences internal conflict when she realizes that he is too good for her, and she is solely nothing in his eyes. She thinks, Dont make [Mr. Rochester] the object of your fine feelings, your raptures, agonies, and so forth. He is not of your order: keep to your caste; and be too self respecting to lavish the love of the whole heart, soul, and strength, where such a gift is not wanted and would be despised (Bronte 218). By Jane expressing these feelings, she is giving us an insight on the mindsets of lower class woman during the Victorian era. All thoughts of true happiness are to be suppressed by keeping in mind their lower class lifestyles and telling themselves they are unworthy. These thoughts do not exist to Rochester, for if he were to make the decision to be with Jane, his prerogative would not be questioned by society. We are aware that men of this day were driven by ambition and the wealth that would dress their name if associated with it. Before Rochester professes his love to Jane, he speaks of a woman named Blanch with whom he has had relations with. He only takes a liking for her due to her social status and later tells Jane that he only spoke of her to be of assurance that she truly liked him. Rochester displays what a man of this time would do; putting to use his ability to control the emotions of a woman, only causing Jane to desire him more. Janes discovery of self respect helps her to flee from Rochester after she discovers that the insane woman who resides in the top rooms of Thornfield is actually his wife, Bertha. Janes behavior is unheard of for women at this time, yet demands some respect. The roles reverse, and Rochester is the one who is left to clean up the shards of a heartbreak, while Jane abandons her position as a governess without any idea of what she will do. She looks back on her life momentarily before she leaves her fate in her own hands, stating, No reflection was to be allowed now: nit one glance was to be cast back; not even one forward. Not one thought was to be given either to the past or the future. The first was a page so heavenly sweet so deadly sad that to read one line of it would dissolve my courage and break down my energy. The last was an awful blank: something like the world when the deluge was gone bye (Bronte 428). With this, Jane shares how women are expected to find a meaning to their lives, yet proves that she does not need to conform with the standards and guidance of men. Through struggles with her newly found independence and lashing out on those who surround her, she returns to Rochester. The act of leaving Rochester was done simply because she knew what would be best for herself, but at the same time she knew that she still loved him. By no means did this make her weak upon returning, for any other woman would have never left in the first place to discover herself. At this point, the fire has occurred, leaving Rochester blind. Despite still working under him, Jane has technically taken on a more dominant role in caring and providing for Rochester. She now has money that she has inherited from her deceased uncle, which she selflessly shares with her cousins. ? Brontes character portrayal, regarding the gender roles fits the expectations of Victorian times, while bending them as the story continues. In the beginning, both Jane and Rochester fit the mold of how the typical man and woman lived. Janes character becomes more admirable as she journeys to self-discovery and returns to Rochester when she felt it was morally right. The story displays the prominent theme of all Victorian novels, while Bronte adds her own twist, making it interesting and insightful.

Careers in law are open to all and the legal profession is sufficiently diverse. Discuss. The WritePass Journal

Careers in law are open to all and the legal profession is sufficiently diverse. Discuss. Introduction Careers in law are open to all and the legal profession is sufficiently diverse. Discuss. IntroductionBibliographyCasesRelated Introduction As a minority group, women have traditionally remained underrepresented within the legal profession. Whilst careers in law may, theoretically, be open to all, the reality is that due to the physiological make-up, maternalistic nature and historical suppression of women in society they have struggled to break entry into the traditionally male-dominated and elitist profession. This essay will argue that although efforts have and are continuing to be made to make a career in the law accessible for women, one could argue that the profession cannot yet be deemed sufficiently diverse as challenges continue to face women who elect to work with this profession. This essay will begin by summarising the history of the position of women in society, move to look to the challenges that face women and employers and finally, summarise steps that can be taken in an effort to eliminate such restraints. Women have fought a long battle against subordination. As late as the twentieth century, in England and Wales, women remained legally subordinate to men. In other cultures, this position remains in practice today. In England and Wales, coverture referred to the rights of women being subsumed by those of her husband through common law marriage. This legal doctrine left women without an identity and gave her husband control of her, her property and the custody of her children. Marital rape was not outlawed until R v R came before the House of Lords in 1992. Society saw women merely as objects of their husbands. It was not acceptable for women to study medicine or law or to engage in politics. Liberal ideals were quashed by the belief that women were irrational, temperamentally unfit to deal with such subjects and their place was in the home being a subservient wife and maternal parent. During the war effort, in particular, women proved that they were capable of holding down important r oles within the workforce and society more generally, and were seen as rational and intelligent in their thinking as their male counterparts. Women were granted suffrage in 1928 through the Equal Franchise Act and have since broken down the barriers into almost all professions. Despite, in theory, women having the ability to do everything a man can do, challenges remain that make it difficult to suggest that men and women are truly equal. Both society and the legal profession now support women embarking on careers within the industry. By 2008-9, 60% of all new admissions to the Roll were women and 52% of those called to the Bar in the same year were women. The Bar society indicated that in 2009, 34% of barristers were women. These figures demonstrate that women now make up over a third of all barristers, however, barristers are usually well educated and often from high socioeconomic standing, so this figure does not fully represent whether the legal profession is diverse for the average woman. Statistical evidence also proves that women still struggle to be appointed to the highest positions within the legal profession. Few women are promoted to Queen’s Counsel and the first woman to sit within the House of Lords was only appointed to this position in 2003. Women are traditionally paid lower than men. The Equal Pay Act 1970 has attempted to solve the disparity between the male and female pay gap, however, it is not uncommon for a case of this nature to arise. Recently, an employee sued her employer, Lewis Silkin, on the grounds that she was being paid lower than a male counterpart. Arguments suggest that due to the more emotional, sensitive and maternalistic nature of women in comparison to men, often women opt to specialise in different areas of law, such as family or personal injury law rather than male dominated specialisms, such as corporate or banking law. Family and personal injury law are also often less high-profile and do not hinge on lucrative deals so the specialisms are often not as well paid. To dismiss a woman for falling pregnant and wanting maternity leave is unfair dismissal. Pregnancy does, however, play an important role in this debate. Most employers would assume that a young woman will take a break to have a baby in the future and the fact that having a child is traditionally less disruptive to the work life of a man, it makes the male counterpart a cheaper and safer option in the long-term. A break in work is seen as disruptive and employers need to fill that position during the maternity leave, effectively causing the employer to pay twice for the same job to be completed. In a time when employers are facing tough economic times, having reliable staff that do not have to be replaced for extended durations appears, on face value, to be commercially viable option. Furthermore, there is a concern for the employer that childcare issues may cause disruption and lost working hours when the employee does return. Legal professionals who are self-employed, such as barris ters, can find the transition far more difficult in terms of covering their living costs and retaining clients during maternity leave and the stress of a new baby when they later return to work. In 2004, the Bar Council published policies that cover the issues of maternity, paternity and flexible working hours in an attempt to balance family life and legal practice. To actively reflect this aim, the policy has increased the time a barrister’s seat may be open rent free with Chamber’s expenses from three months to one year. In Heard and another v Sinclair Roche and Temperley (a firm) and others, it was ruled that the firm had unlawfully discriminated on the grounds of family status and combined with unlawful sex discrimination, constituted unfair treatment. This claim arose when the firm failed to promote or progress the individual. The firm had a total of 36 partners and only 6 were women. This case suggested that women are also less likely to be appointed to managerial positions, particularly if the dominating power is male. Other arguments suggest that women are more emotional than men and office politics are more present. Webley suggests that women struggle to progress in the profession for a variety of reasons including masculine office culture, the pressure of working long hours and high billing targets and dissatisfaction with commodification’s effect on work quality. In terms of the legal profession, lawyers represent the legal position of their client and to do so, must relate well and truly understand the situation of their client. If all lawyers were men, one could question whether women in society could ever be adequately represented by the legal profession. There is an argument to say that there is as much a place for women in the profession as men, as women solve problems in a different way, can be more compassionate and can balance an all-male work environment. Parliament has made attempts to allow greater access to the legal profession to minority groups by enacting legislation such as the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990. The main purpose of this enactment was to reform the legal profession after the findings of the Benson Commission in the 1970s. To the judiciary, in particular, important changes were made to appointments and pensions and significant changes were implemented towards the organisation and regulation of the legal profession. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 later recommended that an independent body should be created to deal with the appointment of judges, which came after criticism from the Law Society regarding the old system. Such legislative and societal support towards the accessibility and diversity of the legal profession should instil a hopefulness into affected women that the profession is moving in the right direction. There have been several attempts by the profession itself to promote and encourage accessibility and diversity. The PRIME initiative saw 23 UK and Irish law firms come together to form a ground-breaking initiative to increase social mobility through a wide ranging work experience scheme. Whilst this initiative focused more on socioeconomic status rather than gender, the results suggest that real opportunities within the legal profession have been offered to those who are otherwise unlikely to have been given the opportunity. In conclusion, the legal profession is not yet sufficiently diverse. Both historical and contemporary statistics prove a bias towards men due to the maternalistic nature of women. Statistics demonstrate a trend that the profession is moving in the right direction in terms of equality, diversity and accessibility for women, however, the battle for truly equal treatment, rights and pay for both genders is an ongoing issue within the legal profession, as it is in society generally. Historically, women were refrained from having an identity and practicing within the legal profession because they were considered irrational and incapable. Whilst that perception has clearly disappeared, which is a positive shift, women still face challenges due to the physiological differences between men and women. These differences will never change and unless there is a shift in the mentality of employers’, these are likely to be challenges that remain for the duration. One could argue that the ba ttle between equality and diversity within the legal profession and commercial viability for business owners will never truly resolve. Bibliography Deborah, L. ‘Title of the article’ [2001] Women and the Legal Profession 156 Fredman, S. ‘Discrimination Law’ (New York, United States: Oxford University Press Inc, 2001) Leighton, P. ‘Discrimination and the Law’ (Camp Road, London: Short Run Press, 2004) Macdonald, L. ‘Equality, Diversity and Discrimination’ (Camp Road, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2004) McColgan, A. ‘Discrimination Law’ (North, America: Hart Publishing Co, 2nd edn., 2005). Roach Anleu, S. ‘Law and Social Change’ (City Road, London: Sage Publication Limited, 2000) Sargeant, M. ‘Discrimination Law’ (Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited, 2004) Sommerland, H., Webley, D., Duff, L., Muzio, D., Tomlinson, J. ‘Diversity in the Legal Profession in England and Wales: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Individual Choices’ Suddards, H. ‘Sex and Race Discrimination’ (Camp Road, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2nd edn., 2002) Webley, L., Duff, L. ‘Women Solicitors as a Barometer for Problems within the Legal Profession: Time to Put Values before Profits?’ (2007) 34 Journal of Law and Society 374 Wilkins, D. ‘Rollin on the River: Race, Elite Schools, and the Equality Paradox’ (2000) 25 Law and Social Inquiry 527 Cases Heard and another v Sinclair Roche and Temperley (a firm) and others [2004] All ER (D) 432 (Jul) R v R [1992] 1 A.C. 599 Legislation Constitutional Reform Act 2005 Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 Equal Franchise Act 1928 Equal Pay Act 1970

Milton Glasers nurturing ideas Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Milton Glasers nurturing ideas - Assignment Example Based on Glaser’s talk, it is useful when he says that every single poster made in a banal way is a half-way toward an original design. Moreover, as he notes, intellectual activity should constantly work in order to compare this or that piece of design (Glaser, 1998). On the other hand, the relationships between different elements of design are too significant to make something unusual.PART IILooking at the way designers work, I have chosen the following four ways of design methods, namely: 1) Being your users; 2) Brainstorming; 3) Cluster and vote; 4) Physical prototyping (Design Council, 2010). First, I tried to replicate the whole picture of how potential clients would reflect on the design. It is obvious that a divine design is when people cannot but be embarrassed by what a designer created. Thus, being your users is a method to make point at the very start. It is a prerequisite toward an innovative creation. Second, brainstorming is the way of creative work which needs h uge intellectual efforts in order to generate spontaneous ideas of possible use for the overall design. In fact, it is a method supporting the whole process since the very outset until the finishing strokes (Bierut, 2006). Third, cluster and vote method is needful for me among the rest due to its aim at identifying a pattern in the problem area (Design Council, 2010). In other words, it deals more with brainstorming as long as the latter method is a so-called drive for selecting particular solutions through cluster and vote.

The Politics of Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Politics of Research - Essay Example Sheila Dow has gathered several economists to review Card and Krueger's important work Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage, and what is more important than what any of these individual reviewers has to say is the collective impression left by the reviewers: the politics of research play a far larger role than do the numbers themselves. Finis Welch is left calling for an entirely new set of standards to govern the process of economic research and interpretation (Dow 2002). Several of the reviewers in this article refer to the design of what Card and Krueger call their "natural experiments" designed to see how an increased minimum wage would affect employment. One of the primary arguments against an increase in minimum wage has been that employers would be forced to reduce their workforce numbers to accommodate the higher wage - or to raise prices to such a degree as to render the increased wage negligible. Card and Krueger find as their conclusion that this argument is not true - they conclude that the effect on employment of a higher minimum wage is almost nonexistent. Charles Brown (who, coincidentally, believes that a 10% increase in the minimum wage would decrease employment by 1%) criticizes Card and Krueger's methods, saying that their time window for measuring effects of an increased minimum wage is too short, and does not consider other factors, such as sunk and capital costs (Dow 2002). By contrast, Richard Freeman, who views the minimum wage as one palliative for this "era with rising inequality," agrees with the use of a short time window, because "[e]mpirical analysis of quantitative responses to price incentives is most convincing over periods during which the structure of the economy, technology, and so on can safely be viewed as fixed"(Dow 2002). And so even one's opinion of statistical methodology, it seems, is related to one's prevailing opinion about the topic at hand. If one wants to write a paper that has a certain result, the temptation will soon arise to allow the statistical analysis to provide only a particular answer. Paul Osterman makes note of an analysis that Card and Krueger conducted using past research. According to their study, not only have past economists decided not to publish papers about the minimum wage that would contradict the prevailing argument about the danger to employment numbers, but even within papers that were published, they have "simply [ignored] findings that were inconsistent with the point the authors wanted to make" (Dow 2002). Of course, this manipulation and misuse of data is exactly what Finis Welch accuses Card and Krueger of doing in their own book: after dissecting Card and Krueger's studies and finding them too statistically insignificant to support a hypothesis, he asks, "Are these the kind of data that you would recommend as the basis for national policy"(Dow 2002). In addition to flaws in the design and implementation of particular research methods, this selection of reviews also provides insight to the inherent biases that the reviewers themselves bring to

On Defining Governance, Democracy and Decentralization Essay

On Defining Governance, Democracy and Decentralization - Essay Example Increasingly, among international organizations (such as the World Bank and the United Nations), governance is used as a concept to both provide a broad overview of and describe the way societies manage themselves. In the dialogue routinely engaged in by the United Nations and the World Bank "governance" is normally spoken of in terms of three systems - the political/administrative; the economic; and the civil society. When looking at governance from this perspective an important additional dimension is introduced into any discussion of the relationship between governance, democracy and decentralization because one is forced to pay attention to the significance of decentralization for economic development. This represents a very significant dimension in terms of the overall well-being of the society as a whole for it can be central to the defining of its development potential. Governance has also been described and dealt with, particularly in the past two decades, in terms of how to improve the functioning of the actual political/administrative system extant in a particular country. ... rnmental organization (which frequently means the downsizing of government bureaucracies); and the strong encouragement of transparency and accountability in government. There is obviously a long history of discussion about and consideration of what are the attributes of democracy and democratic governance. During the course of the past half century, most attention in this regard has focused upon four basic attributes. These include the conduct within a country of free and fair elections; the existence of a reasonably well-organized and competitive party system; a delineation of, respect for, and protection of basic civil liberties and human rights within the society; and, the encouragement, support of and active participation of a vigorous civil society and, in particular, strong interest groups. While democracy and its attributes have been the topic of much thought, writing and discussion, it is still the case that there are not totally precise measures of or delineations of where democratic governance begins or ends within a society. In fact, democracy is inevitably a "work in progress." The institutions and processes of democracy are constantly in a state of evolution. Such evolution is not always necessarily in a progressive or productive fashion. Clearly there are moments in almost all societies in which democratic processes and values suffer setbacks. Likewise, there are other times when what is normally evolutionary progress toward higher levels of democratic governance sometimes become dramatic movement. The concept of decentralization is perhaps a little less clearly defined in part because it is the newest of these concerns. One of the things that has added some misunderstanding to the debate and discussion over decentralization is the frequent

Tocqueville Analyses Political Society Functioning Politics Essay

Tocqueville Analyses Political Society Functioning Politics Essay The key cultural and economic factors in the Tocquevilles work revolve around social equality and inequality. In his work Tocqueville tend to focus on equality in the society the aristocratic which compromised equality and democracy which maximized equality. Tocqueville recognizes that in America several social forces have allowed people to remain free. Tocqueville talks about burgeoning democratic order and views democracy from the perspective of a detached social scientist. Tocqueville observes democracy as an equation that balances equality and liberty concern for the America society. He finds human to thirst for equality and the desire of the weak to bring the strong down the equal levels reducing men to favor parity in servitude to inequality in freedom. Tocqueville analyses political society functioning and several forms of political associations and has shed some light on the civil society. Similar to Marx and Hegel, Tocqueville demonstrates civil society as a sphere of civil affairs and private entrepreneurship. Justifiably, Tocqueville indicates that equality of social condition has bred civilian and political values which in turn determine the type of legislations to be passed. Tocqueville maintains with Aristotle and Montesquieu that the balances of possessions determine the poise of power. Distinctively positioned at the crossroads of American history; Tocqueville view on American democracy attempted to capture the very fundamental nature of American culture and values. Greenberg Greenberg indicates that within the structure of democratic capitalism in America, the government structure and the constitution have a vitally liberal backbone. The relationship between the government and an individual is through the constitution which read aloud the liberal values fundamentally woven into the rich history of America. The American constitution combined with the Bill of Rights holds the prevailing government accountable for all the actions and sets a finite limit on the power it exercises over a citizen. America as a capitalist society uses wealth distribution and taxation way to control social equity. In keeping with classical liberalism, the society and the state can be viewed as an immense social contract. The central liberal principle that is served by the American constitution limits and separates governmental power. In n keeping with Greenberg argument, the characteristically liberal mistrust of majoritarian tyranny has been continued to the contemporary American politics through the constitution. Liberal concern with individual rights has principally been portrayed in the American customs by the Bill of Rights. Liberalism guarantees individual liberty like freedom of religion, speech and the universal rights of all the American citizens. The function of the Bill of Rights is protection of the American citizen from the abuse of power that might be committed by any part of the government. Individual freedom has been established as one of the hallmarks of liberalism especially fo r the Americas free-market economy; every American citizen is free to choose how they would like to use their income. Generally, liberal principles supports that individuals should pursue their own best interest economically, this mutual pursuit of individual interest encourages improvement and innovation. In regard to the Greenberg argument, the analogy presents that the free market economics is similar to free market for policies and ideas and thus liberal democracy. Underlying the liberal approach to political and economic organization is the assertion that every individual possess equal rights to work, cast their votes and this creates an equal playing-ground in the electoral politics. Arguably, united nation as a country has strayed least from values of liberalism. American constitution is based on fundamental liberal principles protecting individuals and limiting appropriate powers of government. Lipset In keeping with the works of Lipet, formulating a national identity the American nation presents a progressive and a virile society that has abundance of opportunity to all. Lipsets work also depicts a society rich in corrupt affluence; a society with a rising laxity of values and morals, impropriety of taste and a broadening gap between the haves and have-nots. American policies and put by Lipset follows the principles that were set in the federalist. America sort thet nations must focus their interest in their foreign policies. Lipset indicates that one powerful step to American development is the weight of ancient tradition present in most of the states was initially not there. America grew not only as a new nation but also a new society with new set morals and values. However, religion can at some point be seen as a new conventional institution that has played a great role in America. All in all, in the first half a decade the religion defenders were greatly weakened with disesta blishment of Anglican and the New England Congregationalist. Lipset draws a significant connection between democracy and income. In keeping with Lipset, economic development through increased income determine the type of class struggle allowing person in the lower strata to come up with more gradualist views in reference to political change. Factors that seem to be Central in all arguments All the arguments respond to the impact of political and social development of the U.S. to its governance. In keeping with the three arguments it is definite that America has a unique culture which has been developed for a long time. In is fundamental to understand that Tocqueville lays emphasis on liberty, individualism, laissez-faire and egalitarianism as the main driving forces for Democratic republic Do you agree which the idea that the United States is exceptional that the political system here developed in ways that make it very different from political systems in other countries. The distinctive national attribute of the U.S. political and social culture distinguishes the nations from other nations. United States possesses an exceptional political system that is developed in ways that make them very different from political system. U.S. Political system has clearly been defined by elementary documents. The 1776 declaration of independence and the 1789 U.S constitution are the foundations of the United States federal government. In reference to Khan (2003), the declaration of independence institutes the U.S. as a political entity that is independent. The constitution on the other hand, formulates a basic structure of the U.S. federal government. In keeping with Tocqueville, the greatest advantage of the Americans is the fact the country reached to a state of democracy without enduring democratic revolution. Supplementary readings Khan, L. (2003). A theory of universal democracy: beyond the end of history. The Hague New York: Kluwer Law International. Schleifer, J. (2012). The Chicago companion to Tocquevilles Democracy in America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Joe Paterno: He Is Penn State :: Essays Papers

Joe Paterno: He Is Penn State The college football world has gone mad. Conferences are doing battle in courtrooms instead of on the football field. Teams are leaving their conferences and throwing tradition and loyalty out the window for a bigger paycheck. The Bowl Championship Series was supposed to end the confusion in the college football post season. It was supposed to crown a true champion. Instead, the B.C.S. has only brought more light to the fact that in college football it is all about money and TV contracts. Teams that have no right going to a major bowl game go because of who they are and, more importantly, who their fans are and how much money the fans are will to spend. Players are failing classes, stealing, doing drugs, breaking almost every law imaginable, and they are still suiting up to play on Saturday. In this new age of college football, there is a man who is as old school as having goal posts right on the goal line. He is short in stature, but he is larger than life. He has given millions of dollars back to his university, and he has put his heart and his soul into molding young me. Joe Paterno has become an icon of college football. In these modern times, however, his morals and his coaching style seem outdated. Now, in the twilight of his career, he has to battle a grueling Big Ten schedule, the media who made him a legend and who are now looking to make him into a fool, and even his once loyal fans who have turned their backs on him. Joe Paterno has his back against the wall; it seems everything is working against him. He could walk away now and forever be remembered as a great football coach, or he can keep running out of that tunnel and work on putting Penn State football back on the map. He can take back the title that is rightfully his, the greatest college football coach of all time. Joe Paterno should remain in charge of the Penn State football program. Along the way, he deserves every Penn State fans support, win or lose. Joe Paterno has found a way to win in college football. More importantly, he has found a way to win and keep his morals and the morals of the University. Paterno could have retired two years ago, after he reached victory number 324.

Architectural Humanities Questions

Architectural Humanistic disciplines Question 1:Compare the zikkurat of Ur from Mesopotamia civilisation and pyramids of Teotihuacan from Mesoamerica civilisation in footings of stuffs, and seek to explicate how the natural environments could act upon the dominant architectural development. The Ziggurat of Ur is the most constituted staying spiritual constructions from the Sumerian Era. Located in contemporary Iraq, it is an huge stepped pyramid, nevertheless merely the first grade remains. The zikkurat was a spiritual construction incorporating a temple composite every bit good as other unidentified possible comfortss that served the ancient metropolis of Ur. In the second century BC a new unidentified civilisation ascended edifice several immense stepped pyramids, now known as the pyramids of Teotihuacan located in contemporary Mexico. The Pyramid of the Sun was built around 200 A.D, one of the largest edifice in Mesoamerica. Construction of the smaller pyramid of the Moon, was non completed until 450 A.D. The building of The Ziggurat of Ur consisted of assorted natural stuffs found locally, these were sourced from The Mouth of Euphrates. Similar the belongingss of the stuffs used at Teotihuacan are shared as the environing environment consist of a boggy basin. The nucleus of the zikkurat is dumbly filled with extended clay bricks, walls were thick to counterbalance for the infirmity of clay, most likely the bricks contained a clay compound with the proviso of straw/reeds to beef up. Much like this the Pyramids of Teotihuacan aren’t built of solid rock, alternatively they consist of clay and rock debris infill and utilize the manner of talud-tablero ( holding both inclining and unsloped panel subdivisions ) for structural strength, nevertheless both enhance the stableness to counter excess weight, by profiting from the inclining planes. The Pyramids addition great advantage being covered with beds of cut rock able to drive practically any signifier of wet, this being sourced fro m the nearby cragged part accessed through the canoe channel web. On the other manus, the zikkurat adopted a technique of utilizing beds of brick to be separated by reeds leting drainage throughout and go forthing through weep holes ; whilst the side and patios of the construction consist of Sun baked clay bricks to add a constituent of waterproofing. Furthermore, clay from the river bed was used as a signifier of howitzer to counterbalance for the comparative strength of clay and protection from air current and rain. Much like this the Pyramids adopted their chief building stuff as a mixture of dirt and H2O, similar to clay, as it was readily available in this country and hold a unafraid constituent. In my sentiment both constructions showed solidness through the creative activity of inward inclining walls, making the feeling of looking ageless. The chief maps were simply to back up a comparatively little topographic point of worship nevertheless the sheer tallness provided an feeling, sacredly, culturally and commercially through religious nutriment ; hence both constructions portion similar orientations to the Sun. Question 2:Describe how Chinese Scholar Garden ( Wangshi Garden ) and Nipponese Moss Garden ( Saiho Jemaah Islamiyah ) usage different workss as important stuffs of design, and explicate their background societal contexts ( doctrines ) severally. The Chinese Scholar have created a scenic garden manner designed in order to show the harmoniousness bing between adult male and nature, a illumination compacted environment built for pleasance and to affect ; a so called Miniature Universe. A typical layout entails an enclosed walled country dwelling of pools, stone formations/variations, and a diverse scope of workss ; making carefully composed scenery. Nipponese Moss Gardens, are premeditated designs for a balance of diversion, aesthetic pleasance, contemplation and speculation. These illumination designs frequently were in a extremely abstract and conventional mode, composed around an entwined way fluxing through the garden, leting observation of cardinal elements. Nipponese Moss Gardens were, at first, developed under the influences of the Chinese Scholar Gardens. Finally development came through the grasp and coaction of their ain aesthetics, in the signifier of Nipponese stuffs and civilization. ‘The Four Nobles’ refer to four workss: the plum, the orchid, the bamboo, and the chrysanthemum[ 1 ], which withhold many symbolic significances. The plum tree is non deemed peculiarly dramatic nor that of its flower, nevertheless its ability to exudate this ambitious status, devises this blunt contrast and serves as a metaphor for interior beauty and a low presence. The Orchid represents and exemplifies simple elegance, a delicate signifier with no inclination towards force, with its visual aspect in spring this is deemed to mean humbleness and aristocracy. The shaft of bamboo is hollow, with it huge capableness to defy immense weights and force per unit areas through strength and flexibleness, this yielded the baronial qualities of the Chinese Scholar, low, lissome and yet surprisingly strong ; this besides came to resemble incarnation and resiliency. Finally the chrysanthemum signifies calm and virtuousness as it defies the fall hoar and most workss wither and die ; i t enables a religious Utopia for one to link with nature through bravery. Nothing in a Nipponese garden is left to opportunity, each component is chosen consequently for its symbolic significance ; mosses strongly show the landform and impression of an island. These are collaborated with the apprehension of their aesthetic and symbolic significance to either fell unwanted sights, or to resemble an acquired constituent. Moss is frequently utilized to organize a dynamic composing because of its adaptability and bendability ; with the purpose to invent a carefully controlled world, an idealized version of the natural universe, stripped to its indispensable. Moss creates the kernel of implicit in breakability and mutableness, developing an feeling to promote contemplation and response. The Nipponese believe it to be a symbol of infinity, versatility and resiliency resembled by the coexistence of ocular strength and physical breakability, able to last and stay resilienteven in rough conditions, including terrible cold and drouth. [ 1 ]Hong Jiang ( 2011 )The Plum Blossom: A Symbol of Strength,Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theepochtimes.com/n2/china-news/the-plum-blossom-a-symbol-of-strength-57557.html( Accessed: 19 January 2014 ) . Question 3:Compare and contrast two domed spiritual edifices, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul and Selimiye Mosque in Edirne in footings of overall signifier, layout, construction, and map. Hagia Sophia was established in 537 AD. It is considered be one of the historical greats for its beauty and domineer with many symbolic mentions to it impressiveness and spiritualty ; It marks the startup of Byzantine architecture. The construction was the most praised and celebrated church in all Christendom for many old ages. After the corruptness of Constantinople, it was adapted to a mosque with few minor add-ons, of all time since it has been an inspiration and an model design for many of the Islamic mosques. Likewise, Edirne is known for its beautiful mosques, but none rather every bit much as the Selimiye Mosque. Considered as one of the highest achievements of Islamic Architecture, the mosques was constructed in 1575 and at present dominates the skyline of Edirne. The Mosque is non a comprehensive composite, nevertheless facilitates many comfortss, created through a more modest attack. The Hagia Sofia contains a huge inside embedded in a complex construction, all assembled from brick and howitzer. It contains two floors centered on a elephantine nave all located beneath a vaulted basilica ; with the full construction oriented on the northwest-southeast axis. The dome sits between two semi-domes at the Centre of the church, partly supported by a gallery of 40 arched Windowss. The weight of the dome is carried on four concave pendentives enabling its dealing onto equal arches, finally administering through four significant wharfs. To guarantee the burden can be suspended the wharfs were reinforced with buttresses. This design allows the aisles to be significantly taller than the galleries therefore its consequence from below is that of a weightless dome that seems inherit the symbolism of the sky and celestial spheres. The elegance and rudimental elements of Hagia Sophia inspired the architecture of Selimiye Mosque, nevertheless can non be to the full isolated to the footings of Byzantine architecture ; the construction held a much greater cultural embroidery. Much like Hagia Sophia the construction contains ; suspended arches, semi-domes, buttresses and a immense encompassing dome with an array of uninterrupted Windowss. However, in topographic point there is an octangular support created through eight pillars, the weight of the dome bears on these carried through the arches to the buttresses alternatively of straight to the walls, enabling the dome to be stabilised. The domes of Selimiye are more elevated, doing it to look much more dominant than Hagia Sophia of which has a much flatter contour, although the dome height itself is greater. The effects of the supporting elements are non seeable in the inside of Selimiye, this is composed to enrich characteristics of architectural mass and infinite. The construction is chiefly constructed of cut rock making a pure position through clean lines.

Should Smoking Be Restricted in Public Places essays

Should Smoking Be Restricted in Public Places essays Smoking has been an issue for many years now. Questions as to when and where smoking should be permitted are usually the concerns of the public health. In some places, such as the restaurants and offices, non-smoking regulation is sometimes a strict rule. However, in other public places, smoking does not post an illegal act to smokers. Up to what extent should smoking really be restricted in public places' Many governments in many nations are taking actions in discouraging the habit of smoking. Health institutions promote health warnings and advertisements to discourage people from smoking. According to Daniel, Rosen, and Allen, however, in their Attitudes, Information, and Behavior of College Students Related to Smoking and Smoking Cessation, the government's action of influencing people in their crusade against smoking will only reach the support of the non-smokers, those who quit smoking, and those who have never smoked. Somehow, this is true. Smokers, especially those who have been addicted to smoking, cannot easily give up their habit. Despite of the government's deep concern and major encouragements, a smoker will still cling to his tendencies of smoking. If this is the case, so how can the government pursue an effective method of minimizing smoking' One answer to minimize smoking is the proposition of many anti-smoking crusades to restrict smoking in public places. If such law is passed and implemented in all public areas, this would not only help the smokers but the rest of the non-smoking group as well. In recent years, the effects of smoking have been visible in the many diseases that were proven to be caused by cigarette smokes. Such includes lung cancer and heart diseases. smoking has also tolled the lives and health of many smokers. This was a report indicated by the Surgeon General of the United States, and was pointed out in Joseph Califano's article ...

Report Here are the latest projections for nursing demand by state

Report Here are the latest projections for nursing demand by state The good news about a career in nursing right now is that demand is growing for registered nurses- and it’s not expected to slow down anytime soon. In fact, rumors about looming nursing shortages are a huge concern for the healthcare industry, given that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that the demand for registered nurses will grow by an eye-opening 19% by 2024. All of this means that if you’re thinking about a career as a nurse, now could be the best time to take that next step. However, nursing careers aren’t growing at the same rate everywhere. Let’s look at how the demand and outlook for registered nurses are shaping up all over the country, broken down by region.The NortheastIncludes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.As a region, the Northeast has some of the most nurse-dense states in the country, likely due to the high concentration of the population and the number of major cities like New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, both New York and Pennsylvania were in the top five states for registered nurse employment. Here’s how much the demand for registered nurses in northeastern states is expected to grow by 2024:Connecticut: 29%Maine: 32%Massachusetts: 25%New Hampshire: 28%New Jersey: 28%New York: 14%Pennsylvania: 39%Rhode Island: 29%Vermont: 28%This region also features some of the highest median registered nurse salaries, likely given the consistently high demand for qualified nurses. Massachusetts is the highest-paying state for nurses in this region, with a median annual salary of $89,060 (or $42.82 per hour) for nurses. In the Boston area, the pay is even higher, with a median salary of $98,040 (or $47.13 per hour). Throughout the region, nursing salaries are highest in the dense metropolitan areas.The SouthIncludes the Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington D.C., and West Virginia.In the South, the demand for nurses is concentrated most fully in cities and suburban areas, with more rural states featuring less nurse employment overall. In the region, Florida (with large population centers like Miami, Tampa, and Orlando) leads the way in nursing employment, with Georgia and North Carolina not far behind.Here’s how much the demand for registered nurses in southern states is expected to grow by 2024:Alabama: 28%Arkansas: 10%Delaware: 24%Florida: 22%Georgia: 30%Kentucky: 25%Louisiana: 23%Maryland: 27%Mississippi: 17%North Carolina: 19%Oklahoma: 29%South Carolina: 26%Tennessee: 23%Texas: 33%Virginia: 23%Washington, D.C.: 21%West Virginia: 23%In the South, nursing is poised for major growth and Georgia and Texas are likely to see the biggest increases in demand over the next few years.As for salary, the District of Columbia is the southern hotspot with the highest median salary for nurses, at $80,010 (or $38.47 per hour). At $68,680 and $33.02 per hour, Texas, too, is significantly above the national median salary for registered nurses ($68,450, or $32.91 per hour). The rest of the region is at or below the national median. However, the much-faster-than-average anticipated growth in demand for registered nurses makes this a region with significant future potential.The MidwestIncludes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.With such a broad range of states and economies, it’s not surprising that the outlook for nurses varies across the Midwest region as well. Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Ohio are currently the states with the highest registered nurse employment, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, demand is growing rapidly outside of those states, across the region.Here’s how much the demand for registered nurses in midwestern states is expected to grow by 2024:Illinois : 13%Indiana: 27%Iowa: 24%Kansas: 25%Michigan: 19%Minnesota: 22%Missouri: 18%Nebraska: 12%North Dakota: 22%Ohio: 21%South Dakota: 24%Wisconsin: 24%Even though Indiana is already leading the way in terms of existing nurse employment, it’s also expected to see some of the biggest growth in the region.In terms of registered nurse salaries, Minnesota leads the way in the Midwest, with a median salary of $74,460, or $35.80 per hour. In line with national trends, the salaries are highest in the metropolitan areas.The WestIncludes Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming.California is the unquestionable leader in registered nurse employment in this region (and in fact, the country), with a current employment of more than 274,000 registered nurses. Yet it’s not the western state with the biggest expected boom in demand for registered nurses- that honor goes to Idaho.Here’s how much the demand for registered nurses in western states is expected to grow by 2024:Alaska: 28%Arizona: 31%California: 22%Colorado: 37%Hawaii: 21%Idaho: 40%Montana: 39%Nevada: 17%New Mexico: 26%Oregon: 26%Washington: 22%Wyoming: 26%The growth in demand for registered nurses is so great in the West that of the 14 states with the highest growth rates, 7 of them are in this region (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Washington). The region also has a significant diversity in population and geography, with a range of opportunities open to registered nurses- from the rugged plains of Montana to the tropical beaches of Hawaii.Along with the Northeast, the West also features some of the highest median salaries for nurses, with California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Alaska taking four of the top five spots nationally. In California, the median annual salary for nurses is $101,750 (or $48.30 per hour). And the highest paid nurses in California are in the San Francisco metro area, with a median annual salary of $136,610.If you’re a nurse looking to relocate, or are thinking of getting started on a nursing career, the timing has never been better. The healthcare field in general is growing and hiring at an extremely fast pace, as the country deals with an ever-expanding (and aging) population with diverse health needs. The average age of registered nurses has also gone up by two years over the past decade, meaning that there will also be opportunities available as natural turnover plays out in the industry. And compared to all other jobs, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the overall demand for registered nurses will grow much faster–16% for nurses, 7% for everyone else.And if you’re not sure where to get started on your nursing path, we’ve got you covered:How Long Does It Take to Become a NurseWhy Men Should Consider Becoming a Nurse14 Things You Need to Know as a New NurseCreate A Winning Registered Nurse Resume!What You Need to Become a Stellar Nurse10 of the top nursing programs in the United StatesGood luck, and happy roaming to find your new nursing job opportunity!

MacmidIK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MacmidIK - Essay Example B – More will be demanded at lower prices 14. A – Income 15. B – A decrease in the price of a substitute product. 16. B – A technological change in the production of the good 17. C – An increase in the taxes paid by telephone companies 18. B – Inelastic 19. A – Generally results in substantial negative externalities 20. D – A surplus of 600 units 21. C – $20 And 600 units 22. D – using private bargaining when property rights 23. A – eliminate all pollution rights 24. B – changes only when there is change in out put 25. A – real GDP doubles 26. C – Nominal GDP and real GDP both decreases 27. A – Family will need to spend more in order to maintain its standard of living 28. C – Nominal GDP divided by real GDP 29. B – 110 30. C – Couples remodelling their own homes 31. A – 1 and 2 32. D – Stable political system 33. B – Movement from a point inside to a point outside the production possibility curve 34. B – 6 percent 35. B – Cyclical 36. C – Frictional 37. C – Is equal to the total frictional and structural employment 38. D – Actual GDP is greater than potential GDP 39. B – Actual GDP is less than potential GDP 40. A – Every 1 percent that the actual employment exceeds the natural employment rate, a 2 percent GDP gap is created 41. A – 4.0 Percent 42. C – Demand-pull inflation 43. C – Cost push inflation 44. A – Increases by 3% 45. ... B – Real GDP will increase 55. C – 280 billion 56. D – An increase in real interest rates. 57. A – Productivity 58. D – 4 59. C – 3 60. A – Supply increase Short Answers 1. a) Making necessary computation to complete the table below Year 1 Year2 Labour force 95,450 108,250 Employed 90,325 100,830 Unemployed 5,125 7,420 Unemployment rate (10%) 94% 94% Unemployed= Labour force-employed Year 1=95450-90325= 5,125 Persons Year 2= 108,250-100,830=7,420 persons Unemployment rate = number of employed people ? Labour force?100 Year 1 = 90,325?95,450?100 =94% Year 2 = 100,830 ? 108,250?100 =93% b) Possibility of increase in employment and unemployment between year 1 and 2 Based on the above computation, it can be scrutinized that there was an increase in number of employed and unemployed people between the two periods. This is because there is a possibility of having both favourable and unfavourable economic conditions leading to an increase in number of employed and unemployed people (Taylor, 2007). The above assertions may be substantiated by Keynesian theory of economics that holds that a trade off exists between unemployment and inflation, this trade off may be presented using Philips curve (Tucker, 2011), whereby, during favourable economic conditions, inflation decreases while employment increases (Tucker, 2011). On the contrary, during unfavourable economic conditions, inflation rates decrease while unemployment increases (Tucker, 2011).Therefore, based on the above discussion, it is possible to have both increase in employments and unemployment between the two periods. In above connection, an increase in unemployment may be attributed to technological advancement. This is so because most people get laid off as less human labour is needed (Layard,

Explain the relationship between money supply and inflation Essay

Explain the relationship between money supply and inflation - Essay Example money supply and the level of inflation within a specific period of time. Link between money supply and inflation Trying to relate money supply to inflation is not as direct as it sounds as numerous factors also play significant roles in predicting or measuring inflation (Mankiw 2008). However, the link between money supply and inflation is easily explained as a near natural occurrence since when money is in high supply within an economy the demand for it reduces. In this scenario the market is able to afford higher prices for commodities because money supply has increased. At the same time the consumers are not able to revert back to the old prices as long as the buying power of their currency is still under value erosion. Economic theories Economic theories also affect how this relationship is explained. The monetarism theory for example, expresses the relationship in the form of MV = PT which translates to; M = Money Supply V = Money Velocity P = Price Level T = Transactions In th is scenario transactions are constant just as velocity is while supply and prices are directly related (Browne and Cronin 2010). The fundamental argument set forth by monetarism theory is that rising money supply leads to inflation in the situation that the rise in the former exceeds growth of the National Income. It is still under this that T = Transactions is replaced with Y = National Income in many occasions as near-accurate measurements of the former always prove to be difficult. The new equation derived therefore reads; MV = PY. According to Bernanke and Woodford (2006), one notable proponent of monetarism, Friedman stated that ‘†¦ inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon’. Further arguments state that inflation is generally as a result of uncalled-for swells in a nation’s money supply. In respect to velocity, monetarists claim that it is fixed and if it varies the variants are insignificant. The same case applies to the output which is represented by Y and both V and Y are fixed in the short term. An example lies below; When MS = $2,500 and V = 4 ----- Y = 10,000 units Eqn. 2,500*4 = 10,000 With doubling of MS comes doubling of price level as elaborated below; 5,000*4 = 20,000 In the above scenarios Friedman stated that increase in MS takes between 9 to 12 months to result to increased output (Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel and MacPherson 2008). He further stated that it is after another year that output will be at equilibrium with increase in prices to put up with already high money supply. AD & AS model (Hornle 2008) When considering aggregate demand and supply model it is clear to see that when there is increase in money supply there will be increased spending. This will essentially result to a shift of the Aggregate Demand to the right (Hornle 2008). In this scenario producers then engage more of their resources in order to meet the rising demand. The resultant effect is an increased national output that is beyond t he equilibrium level causing an inflationary gap in the economy. With increased production producers enrol more employees therefore increasing their expenditure. In this scenario workers are willing to work for longer periods as there is a corresponding rise in their nominal wage. With continued increase in prices money loses value and a movement is witnessed along the newly formed Aggregate Demand (Woodford 2008). It is at this